Eligibility and Applicability

Montana's net-metering law, enacted in July 1999, applies to all customers of investor-owned utilities. Systems up to 50 kilowatts (kW) in capacity that generate electricity using solar, wind or hydropower are eligible. No limit on enrollment or statewide installed capacity is specified. Utilities may not require customer-generators to comply with any additional standards or requirements beyond those established by the National Electric Code, National Electrical Safety Code, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

Net Excess Generation

Net excess generation (NEG) is credited to the customer's next monthly bill. The customer may choose

Ohio's net-metering law requires electric distribution utilities to offer net metering to customers who generate electricity using wind energy, solar energy, biomass, landfill gas, hydropower, fuel cells, or microturbines. Net-metered customers are required to use a single meter capable of recording the flow of electricity in each direction. Under the state's net-metering law, competitive retail electric service (CRES) providers are not required to enter into a net metering contract with a customer. Electric utilities must offer a standard net metering tariff to all requesting customers.

Net-metered systems must meet safety standards specified by the National Electrical Code (NEC), the Institute

Collectors, heat exchangers, and storage units of solar energy systems -- and the installation of these systems -- sold or installed in Arizona must have a warranty of at least two years or guarantee the energy production output for two years. The remaining components of the system and their installation must have a warranty of at least one year. Solar energy systems are subject to random inspections by the state's registrar of contractors.

Any person manufacturing, furnishing for installation, or installing a solar energy system must provide a written statement of warranty, responsibilities assumed or disclaimed, and performance data as

Florida law forbids ordinances, deed restrictions, covenants, declarations or similar binding agreements from prohibiting the use of solar collectors (including clothes lines) or "other energy devices based on renewable resources," although certain restrictions related to visibility may be imposed on property owners, as long as the effective operation of the system does not suffer as a result. Community associations are specifically prohibited from preventing the installation of solar collectors on residential rooftops. Legislation that took effect in July 2008 (HB 697) extended the application of the renewable energy access law to condominiums. Interestingly, a condominium or a multi-condominium board

Iowa's solar access easement provision allows for access to sunlight to operate a solar energy system. Those who are unable to obtain a voluntary solar easement from a property owner may apply to the solar access regulatory board for an order granting a solar access easement if the relevant city council or county board of supervisors has created such a board. In the absence of such a board, the matter is referred to the local district court. Applications for an easement must contain specific information about the size, location, and orientation of the solar energy system as well as a

In Montana, regulated electric utilities are required to offer customers the option of purchasing electricity generated by certified, environmentally-preferred resources that include, but are not limited to, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. NorthWestern Energy implemented a green-power program ("E+ Green") in June 2003.

The Solar Solutions program provides all customer groups with an incentive to install photovoltaic (PV) systems on their homes and buildings. Rebate levels will decrease over time on an annual basis. The rebate levels for future program years can be seen at the website listed above. Systems must be sized to produce no more than 100% of the customer’s past 12 months kWh consumption.

Ohio's solar-easement provisions are similar to those in effect in other states. Ohio law allows property owners to create binding solar easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight. Easements must be executed in writing and are subject to the same conveyance and recording requirements as other easements.

A solar access easement agreement shall include:

1. A description of the real property burdened and and benefited by the easement
2. A description of the limits in heights, locations, or both, of permissible development on the burdened land in terms of structures, vegetation, or both, for the purpose of

New Hampshire's "solar skyspace easement" provisions allow property owners to create solar easements in order to create and preserve a right to unobstructed access to solar energy. Easements remain in effect for at least 10 years, unless otherwise stated in writing. A model solar easement form is provided in New Hampshire Statutes Section 477:51.

An easement must include:

• A description of the vertical and horizontal angles, expressed in degrees and measured from the site of the solar energy system, at which the solar skyspace easement extends over the real property subject to the solar skyspace easement, or any other

In Missouri, the right to utilize solar energy is a property right, but eminent domain may not be used to obtain such a property right. Easements obtained for the purpose of construction, reconstruction, remodeling, or acquisition of a solar energy system should be created in writing and are subject to the same conveyance and instrument recording requirements as other easements. Solar easements are considered a negative (i.e., restrictive or use prohibitive) easement and cannot be acquired by prescription; they must be negotiated expressly.

In June 2022, Missouri adopted S.B. 820, which prevents deed restrictions, covenants, and other similar binding